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Our calibration capabilities cover electrical instruments, Temperature, dimensional measuring tools, gauges and transducers in a wide range of disciplines, serving customers in many different sectors.
An NABL Accredited Laboratory as per ISO/IEC 17025:2017 Standard
GEI GROUP OF COMPANIES SINGAPORE
Visual Testing
Introduction & Basic Principle
Visual testing (VT) is the oldest and most common nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques. It is typically the first step in the examination process to inspect a variety of product forms including castings, forgings, machined components and weld elements.
Compared to other techniques, visual testing is low in cost and easy to apply, and often eliminates the need for further types of testing. Some of the industries that use VT include structural steel, automotive, petrochemical, power generation, and aerospace.
“Visual inspection is the process of examination and evaluation of systems and components by use of human sensory systems aided only by mechanical enhancements to sensory input such as magnifiers, dental picks, stethoscopes, and the like. The inspection process may be done using such behaviors as looking, listening, feeling, smelling, shaking, and twisting.
Visual Testing Requirements:
- The inspector's vision;
- The amount of light falling on the specimen, which is measured using a light meter.
Our Services In Visual Testing
- Welding Inspection
- Pipe and Tank Inspection & Manufacturing Quality Control
Penetrant Testing
LPI is based upon capillary action, where surface tension fluid low penetrates into clean and dry surface-breaking discontinuities. Penetrant may be applied to the test component by dipping, spraying, or brushing. After adequate penetration time has been allowed, the excess penetrant is removed, and a developer is applied. The developer helps to draw penetrant out of the flaw where a visible indication becomes visible to the inspector. Inspection is performed under ultraviolet or white light, depending upon the type of dye used – fluorescent or nonfluorescent (visible).
Liquid penetrant inspection is a widely applied and low-cost inspection method used to locate surface-breaking defects in all non-porous materials (metals, plastics, or ceramics). Penetrant may be applied to all non-ferrous materials, but for inspection of ferrous components magnetic particle inspection is preferred for its subsurface detection capability. LPI is used to detect casting and forging defects, cracks, and leaks in new products, and fatigue cracks on in-service components.
Applications:
Liquid penetrant inspection (LPI) is one of the most widely used non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods. Its popularity can be attributed to two main factors: its relative ease of use and its flexibility. LPI can be used to inspect almost any material provided that its surface is not extremely rough or porous. Materials that are commonly inspected using LPI include the following:
- Metals (aluminium, copper, steel, titanium, etc.)
- Glass
- Many ceramic materials
- Rubber
- Plastics
Our Services In Penetrant Testing
- Surface discontinuities e.g. crack, pinholes, laps & seams on non-porous & non-absorbing materials
- Locating flaws in weldments, joints, tubings & castings
Magnetic Particle Testing
Magnetic particle testing is a relatively simple test method that can be applied to finished articles, billets, hot rolled bars, castings, and forgings. It can also be used to check that the processing operations such as heat treat, machining, and grinding did not uncover or cause discontinuities. Magnetic particle consists of magnetization of the article, application of the particles, and interpretation of the patterns formed by the particles as they are attracted by magnetic leakage fields.
When magnetism applied through ferromagnetic materials by using electrically or by using permanent magnet, magnetic poles of leakage field will occur at discontinuities. Magnetic powders applied throughout the object to see such leakage field as discontinuity indication.
Advantages:
Magnetic Particle Testing is one of most economical method to find out surface cracks in ferromagnetic materials. It is portable and easy for application.
Limitation :
It is limited application to only on ferromagnetic materials. Further it is limited to disclosing only those discontinues that are at or near the surface.
Our Services In Magnetic Particle Testing
- Surface & subsurface discontinuities e.g. crack, seams & inclusions on ferromagnetic materials
- Monitoring service flaws in bars, forgings, weldments, shafts & components.
Eddy current Testing
Eddy current inspection is one of several NDT methods that use the principal of electromagnetism as the basis for conducting examinations. Eddy currents are created through a process called electromagnetic induction. When alternating current is applied to the conductor, such as copper wire, a magnetic field develops in and around the conductor. This magnetic field expands as the alternating current rises to maximum and collapses as the current is reduced to zero. If another electrical conductor is brought into the close proximity to this changing magnetic field, current will be induced in this second conductor. Eddy currents are induced electrical currents that flow in a circular path. They get their name from eddies that are formed when a liquid or gas flows in a circular path around obstacles when conditions are right.
One of the major advantages of eddy current as an NDT tool is the variety of inspections and measurements that can be performed. In the proper circumstances,
Our Services In Eddy current Testing
- Detection of surface and near-surface cracks
- Material and Coating Thickness Measurement
eddy currents can be used for:
- Crack detection
- Material thickness measurements
- Coating thickness measurements
- Conductivity measurements for:
- Material identification
- Heat damage detection
- Case depth determination
- Heat treatment monitoring